Middle Ages
Middle Ages
Middle Ages???
I’m confused on a few questions so I need your help to answer them. Thank You So Much!
1. What is the difference between the Roman Empire and the Holy Roman Empire?
2. What were the connections between the Holy Roman Empire and the church?
3. Why were strong kings rare and central government generally missing under the feudal system?
4.How did the church use the powers of excommunication and interdiction in maintaining its power?
5. Who belonged to each of the 3 estates of the medieval european society and what was the primary duty of a member of each state? How was this different from the social classes in modern society?
6. Why was the social structure of Europe challenged by the growinng number of free towns people and the changing economy?
7. How was the education learning and knowledge of europe perserved during the lowest point of the middle ages the so called dark ages?
1. The Roman Empire was an Italy-based empire which was overthrown by Odoacer in 476. The Holy Roman Empire was a confederation of mostly German states lasting from the 9th Century to 1806.
2. Many of the early Holy Roman Emperors were crowned by the Pope and most claimed to derive their legitimacy from the approval of the Church.
3. The feudal system consisted of powerful local nobles administering their own territories and forming a loose confederation led by a king or other high noble. A powerful central state would overwhelm local authority and place the major power in the hands of the king or his servants, rather than leaving feudal nobles to their own affairs.
4. Faithful Catholics accepted that the Church hierarchy had the authority to declare who had earned salvation and who had not, so disobedience from a commoner or a king could be punished by the withdrawal of that person from salvation. In the case of kings, many, if not all, claimed that they held their power by the grace of God: If a Pope or Archbishop excommunicated a king, he was also stripped of God’s authorization, and the people of the kingdom were encouraged to remove such a king.
5. First Estate: the Clergy. Its duty was to administer religious rites, lead the people in a righteous life and judge the piety of all persons. Second Estate: the nobility. Its duty was to rule over the populace, protect the realm and make war. Third Estate: the common people. Its duty was to obey the first and second estates, labor, pay taxes and farm.
6. With the growing number of free townspeople and the changing economy some members of the third estate grew in power and wealth and some members of the second estate declined in one or both. The authority of the first estate held strong for some time, but the unquestioning nature of obedience to it came under strain.
7. Ancient knowledge was preserved in two manners. Some was preserved in foreign lands, particularly those within the Muslim Caliphate, which had retained a higher culture and literacy than was common in the European Dark Ages. A great deal of learning, scientific documents and literacy was preserved in the Catholic monasteries.
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